ELISA Antibody Detection Tests: Neospora Antibody ELISA (Cattle)
Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite which causes abortion and infertility in infected animals Infection is carried by dogs and transmitted to cattle via dog faeces. Once cows and heifers are infected they remain persistently infected for life with infection being passed vertically to their unborn foetus during pregnancy Neospora antibody ELISA test is a tool for diagnosing infections and managing the health of cattle herds, particularly in dairy and beef operations.
Importance of Antibody Detection
Infected cows may not exhibit overt clinical signs but can transmit the parasite to their offspring, leading to abortion/ the birth of stillborn or non-viable calves or the subclinical infection of apparently healthy calves. Early detection through antibody testing can help producers implement effective control measures and reduce economic losses associated with the disease.
ELISA Methodology
The ELISA for Neospora antibody detection involves the following steps:
- Sample Collection: Blood samples are collected from cattle, particularly cows that have experienced reproductive failures.
- Coating Plates: Microtiter plates are coated with antigens specific to Neospora caninum. These antigens are typically derived from the parasite’s tachyzoite or bradyzoite stages.
- Incubation: The plates are incubated to facilitate the binding of antigens to the wells.
- Blocking: A blocking solution is used to prevent non-specific antibody binding.
- Sample Addition: Serum samples are diluted and added to the wells. Antibodies in the samples specific to Neospora will bind to the coated antigens.
- Detection: After washing the plates, a secondary enzyme-conjugated antibody is added, binding to bound antibodies.
- Substrate Reaction: A substrate for the enzyme is introduced, producing a measurable colour change.
- Analysis: The OD values are measured, and results are interpreted against a standard curve to quantify antibody levels.
Applications
The Neospora antibody ELISA test has several important applications in cattle health management:
- Reproductive Health Monitoring: Regular testing helps identify at-risk cows and manage breeding programs effectively to reduce the incidence of abortion.
- Epidemiological Studies: The test aids in understanding the prevalence and transmission dynamics of Neospora caninum within herds and identifying potentially infected animals.
